Certain dog breeds naturally lack dewclaws, meaning they are born without them. While many breeds possess dewclaws, especially on their hind legs, some groups of dogs simply do not develop these extra toes.
Tracing the Tale of the Dewclaw
To grasp which dogs are dewclawless, we must first look at what a dewclaw is. A dewclaw is like a dog’s thumb. It sits higher up on the leg. It does not touch the ground when the dog walks normally.
Dewclaws: A Quick Look
Dewclaws are vestigial digits. This means they are leftover parts from earlier ancestors. They are found on the inner side of the front legs of almost all dogs. Some breeds also have them on the back legs.
- Front Dewclaws: Most dogs have these. They are usually functional, especially in breeds that dig or grip things.
- Hind Dewclaws: These are more varied. Some dogs have them. Some breeds are known to have them removed early. Others are simply born without them.
Why Some Dogs Lack Them
The absence of dewclaws in some breeds is often due to selective breeding over many years. Humans bred these dogs for specific jobs. For example, dogs bred for speed might have benefited from legs that were smoother. Extra toes could potentially cause injury or slow them down during hard running. This means dogs without dewclaws often come from certain working groups.
Identifying Dog Breeds Lacking Dewclaws
When we talk about dog breeds lacking dewclaws, we mainly focus on two areas: front dewclaws and hind dewclaws. Almost all dogs have front dewclaws. The main difference comes from the rear legs.
Breeds Naturally Missing Dewclaws: The Usual Suspects
Some specific breeds are famous for not having hind dewclaws, or sometimes no dewclaws at all. These breeds often have physical traits favored for their original purpose, like agility or a specific gait.
It is important to know that if a breed standard calls for no dewclaws, breeders must confirm that the puppies are born this way. We are discussing breeds naturally missing dewclaws, not those where the dewclaws are surgically removed shortly after birth.
Northern Breeds and Sled Dogs
Many breeds originating from cold, snowy regions often show a pattern of reduced or absent hind dewclaws. This might be related to movement over snow and ice.
| Breed Name | Typical Dewclaw Status (Hind) | Common Job |
|---|---|---|
| Alaskan Malamute | Often double hind dewclaws present | Heavy sled pulling |
| Siberian Husky | Usually single or no hind dewclaws | Fast sled racing |
| Samoyed | Usually single or no hind dewclaws | Herding and hauling |
Notice that the Malamute often retains dewclaws, while the faster Husky may not. This shows a variation even within closely related groups.
Sight Hounds and Speed Specialists
Dogs bred for speed and open-field running often have sleek, streamlined legs. Extra bits of bone might be seen as a fault.
- Greyhounds: These dogs without dewclaws are famously streamlined. They usually do not have hind dewclaws. Their front dewclaws are present but often small.
- Whippets: Similar to Greyhounds, Whippets are built for bursts of speed. They generally lack hind dewclaws.
When asking, “do certain dogs lack dewclaws,” the sight hounds are a primary answer for the hind legs.
Specialized Working Dogs
Some breeds were developed for tasks requiring strong, precise movement on varied terrain.
- Doberman Pinscher: Dobermans typically do not have hind dewclaws naturally. Their front dewclaws are often present but sometimes removed cosmetically in the past (though this practice is declining).
- Weimaraner: These dogs are known for their athletic build. They usually lack hind dewclaws.
Investigating Dewclaw Status in Dog Breeds
The dewclaw status in dog breeds is laid out clearly in the official breed standards set by kennel clubs. These standards dictate what the ideal dog of that breed should look like, including leg structure.
Breeds Known for No Dewclaws (Especially Hind)
When looking for dog breeds known for no dewclaws, especially the hind ones, a few specific groups stand out:
- Breeds with High Speed Focus: Greyhounds, Whippets.
- Certain Continental Pointing Dogs: While many pointers have them, some regional variations or standards might favor their absence.
- Specific Terrier Lines: Some terrier types bred for close work underground might have structural differences, though many still possess them.
It is crucial to note that having a dewclaw removed is different from being born without one. The question “what dogs don’t have dewclaws naturally” focuses on genetics, not surgery.
Genetics Behind Dewclaw Absence
The presence or absence of dewclaws is genetic. It is inherited from the parents. Dogs that are born without dewclaws have the genes that prevent these extra digits from forming fully.
The Hereditary Factor
For hind dewclaws, there are often two possibilities genetically:
- Complete Absence: The gene is fully dominant or recessive, leading to no bud forming.
- Rudimentary Form: A small nub of tissue might exist but not develop into a full claw.
In some breeds, having double hind dewclaws (two on each rear leg) is considered standard or desirable. For example, the Beauceron proudly displays double hind dewclaws. This shows how genetics dictate the presence of these features.
The Distinction: Dewclaw Removal vs. Natural Absence
This is a major point when discussing dewclaw absence in specific dog breeds.
- Surgical Removal (Declawing): In many breeds, like Great Pyrenees or some livestock guardian dogs, hind dewclaws are often removed within the first few days of life. This is done because large, loose hind dewclaws can easily snag on brush or fencing, causing severe injury in rough terrain.
- Natural Absence: In breeds like the Greyhound or sometimes the Weimaraner, the absence of hind dewclaws is genetic. They simply do not develop them.
If you are looking at a dog, only checking the breed standard tells you the expected natural state.
Front Dewclaws: The Universal Trait (Mostly)
Front dewclaws are far more common than hind ones. They are considered a standard feature for almost all dog breeds recognized by major kennel clubs.
Why Front Dewclaws Remain
Front dewclaws are thought to help with stability, steering, and sometimes gripping prey or objects. They act like anchors.
However, there are exceptions, even on the front legs:
- Standard Deviation: Even in breeds where front dewclaws are standard, a rare pup might be born without one or both front dewclaws. This is an anomaly, not a breed trait.
- Very Streamlined Breeds: Extremely specialized breeds built purely for straight-line speed might show a tendency toward reduced or absent front dewclaws, though this is less documented than the hind dewclaw variations.
Comparing Hind vs. Front Dewclaws
| Feature | Front Dewclaws | Hind Dewclaws |
|---|---|---|
| Presence | Almost universal across breeds | Highly variable; common in some, absent in others |
| Function | Grip, stability, steering | Less functional; more prone to injury |
| Standard Practice | Usually present and kept intact | Often removed surgically OR naturally absent in specific breeds |
Breed Spotlight: Dogs Where Hind Dewclaws are Rare or Absent
Let’s look closer at breeds frequently cited when discussing dogs without dewclaws on the rear legs.
The Boxer
Boxers are known for their robust build. While some Boxers may have hind dewclaws, the breed standard historically favored, and many breeders still practice, the removal of single or double hind dewclaws very early. However, in many modern lines, especially outside the US, they are often left intact if they are double and well-attached. The genetic tendency is mixed, but their appearance often dictates removal for practicality.
The Great Pyrenees and Livestock Guardians
Livestock Guardian Dogs (LGDs) often naturally possess double hind dewclaws. For example, the Great Pyrenees traditionally has them. Why? It is believed these extra digits help these large dogs maintain traction and stability when navigating steep, rocky mountain terrain while guarding flocks.
However, because these dewclaws are often large and loose, they are frequently removed to prevent injuries. This makes identifying a naturally dewclawless LGD tricky—one must confirm the genetic background, not just the current leg structure.
Sight Hounds Revisited: The True Naturally Dewclawless Hounds
Greyhounds and Whippets are excellent examples of breeds where breeds without hind dewclaws is the norm. Their legs are designed for maximum speed in a straight line.
- Greyhound Gait: They possess a double suspension gallop. Every part of the leg contributes to propulsion and shock absorption. Extra, non-ground-contacting digits would be unnecessary weight or potential drag.
These breeds represent selection pressure heavily favoring leg uniformity.
Why Breed Standards Address Dewclaws
Breed standards exist to maintain the intended function and look of a breed. When a standard mentions dewclaws, it is making a statement about the dog’s inherited structure.
Desirable vs. Undesirable Dewclaws
In some working breeds, the standard might explicitly state: “Hind dewclaws, single or double, are highly desired.” This means breeders actively select for the genes that cause them.
Conversely, in a breed like the Dalmatian, while front dewclaws are expected, the standard usually notes that hind dewclaws are faults. This means that if a Dalmatian is born without them, it might be slightly preferred, or at least not penalized. If they are present, they are often removed.
Genetic Diversity and Dewclaws
In breeds that are historically less refined or have very ancient origins, you see more variation.
For example, some primitive dog types might show high variability in dewclaw numbers simply because they have not been intensely line-bred for a specific, fixed trait like a streamlined leg.
Fathoming the Role of Dewclaws in Function
If a breed has lost its hind dewclaws naturally, it suggests that, for that breed’s historical work, those digits offered no advantage or were a slight hindrance.
Running and Traction
For fast runners (Huskies, Greyhounds), the leg needs to be light and streamlined for the rapid “flight” phase of the gallop.
For powerful pullers or climbers (Malamutes, Pyrenees), the dewclaw might offer a slight edge in grip, much like a thumb grips a tool.
Digging Behavior
Breeds known for serious digging (Terriers, some Hounds) use their front paws extensively. The front dewclaw can act like a small shovel attachment, bracing the leg and helping to scoop dirt. This is another reason why front dewclaws are retained in these lines.
Identifying the Dewclawless Pups: What to Look For
If you are trying to determine what dogs don’t have dewclaws naturally in a specific litter, a physical examination is necessary, ideally by an experienced breeder familiar with the breed standard.
Front vs. Rear Examination
- Examine the Front Legs: Look high on the inside of the foreleg, just above the main paw. If a small, separate digit (the dewclaw) is present, it will stick out slightly. If it’s missing, the leg looks smooth.
- Examine the Rear Legs: This is where the real differentiation occurs. Feel the inside of the hind leg, a few inches above the hock (ankle). In breeds prone to them, you might feel a small bump or a fully formed digit. If the leg is smooth all the way down, the hind dewclaws are naturally absent.
Genetic Testing and Breed History
For absolute certainty, one would need to look deep into the lineage. If a breed line has historically had dewclaws removed for generations, even if the genetics for them still exist, the visible trait (the actual claw) will be gone.
However, if you are looking at a breed where the standard specifically states “no hind dewclaws,” then you are likely looking at dogs that are born without dewclaws in the rear.
Common Misconceptions About Dewclawless Dogs
There are many myths surrounding dewclaws. It is important to separate fact from fiction, especially regarding dewclaw absence in specific dog breeds.
Myth 1: All Dogs Should Have Dewclaws Removed
False. In many breeds (like the Great Pyrenees or the Norwegian Lundehund—a unique case!), dewclaws are integral to the breed’s structure or function and are left intact. Removal is usually based on safety concerns related to the dog’s intended activity (e.g., running in thick brush or fast road work).
Myth 2: Dogs Without Hind Dewclaws are Always Lacking Something
False. For breeds like the Greyhound, the absence of hind dewclaws is the standard, meaning they are structurally complete without them. They are perfectly suited for their roles.
Myth 3: A Dog Missing a Front Dewclaw is Definitely Mixed Breed
Not necessarily. While rare, congenital absence of a front dewclaw can happen in purebred dogs due to natural genetic variation.
The Unique Case of the Norwegian Lundehund
This breed deserves a special mention when discussing unusual paw structures, though they are not strictly “dewclawless.”
The Lundehund is famous for having six toes on each foot, including multiple dewclaws, some of which are functional thumbs. This shows the opposite extreme of dewclaw development and highlights the massive genetic variation possible within the Canis familiaris species. They are a prime example of how certain breeding paths enhance digits, while others reduce them.
Summary of Breeds and Dewclaw Status
While generalizations are tricky, here is a simplified summary for those seeking dog breeds known for no dewclaws on the rear:
- Generally Absent (Hind): Greyhounds, Whippets.
- Variable, Often Removed (Hind): Boxers, Dobermans, Weimaraners.
- Often Double/Retained (Hind): Great Pyrenees, Beauceron, St. Bernard (though often removed).
For the front legs, nearly all purebred dogs should have them. If a dog truly lacks front dewclaws, it is usually an anomaly, regardless of breed.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Are there any dog breeds that naturally have no dewclaws at all (front and rear)?
It is extremely rare for a recognized dog breed to naturally lack both front and hind dewclaws due to genetics alone. Front dewclaws are nearly universal. If a dog has no front dewclaws, it is usually due to a rare birth defect, not a breed standard.
If a breed standard says dewclaws should be removed, does that mean the dog is born without them?
No. In breeds where removal is standard (like many livestock guardians), the dog is typically born with the dewclaws, and they are removed surgically within the first week or two of life for safety. The goal is to achieve the look of a dewclawless dog without the risk of injury later on.
How can I tell if my dog’s dewclaws were surgically removed or if they were naturally absent?
If the rear leg is completely smooth where a dewclaw should be, and the dog belongs to a breed known for surgical removal (like a Boxer or Pyrenees), surgical removal is the most likely scenario. If the dog belongs to a breed like a Greyhound, natural absence is expected. Sometimes, a very faint scar or remnant can be felt if removal was performed.
Why do some sled dogs have double hind dewclaws while others don’t?
This often relates to the specific function the dogs were bred for. Dogs bred for heavy hauling over varied terrain (like Malamutes) sometimes retained double dewclaws for better grip and stability. Dogs bred for pure speed on flatter, consistent tracks (like Huskies in some contexts) may have naturally selected for fewer or no hind dewclaws.
Is it bad for a dog to have dewclaws?
It depends on the dewclaw and the dog’s lifestyle. Front dewclaws are generally beneficial or neutral. Hind dewclaws, especially if they are loose or floppy (a “hanging” dewclaw), pose a significant snagging hazard and can cause painful tears, leading many owners and breeders to have them removed preemptively.